The radiometric references used for image calibration are arranged in a color grid (Target or ColorChecker), available in various formats and sizes depending on the designated field of application and the size of the subject to be photographed. Each mark on the Target has been previously measured in the laboratory with certified instruments.
Furthermore, transparent targets have been developed for the calibration of transparent surfaces, whose markings are previously measured in the laboratory with certified instruments.
Exposure references, on the other hand, are necessary to balance exposure and compensate for any variations in lighting. In this case, the materials used are reference whites and/or a reference white polymer.
nanometers.